Gramadeg Cymraeg / Welsh Grammar

This material is held atArchifdy Prifysgol Bangor / Bangor University Archives

Scope and Content

Ysgrifenwyd y llawysgrif hon yn nechrau'r ail ganrif ar bymtheg. Bu yn ôl pob tebyg yn eiddo Iolo Morgannwg, oherwydd ceir ynddi nodiadau yn ei law. Copi yw o 'r gramadeg a ddefnyddiai'r penceirddiaid yn yr unfed ganrif ar bymtheg, ond nid yw'n cytuno'n hollol a'r un copi arall.

t.t.1a-11a

Ymdriniaeth â'r llythrennau, y sillafau a'r diptoniaid. Y mae'r adran hon yn cytuno'n weddol â'r hyn a geir yn y copiau a gysylltir ag enwau Einion Offeiriad a Dafydd Ddu o Hiraddug, hynny yw, yr hen ramadeg fel y ceir ef yn Llyfr Coch Hergest, Llanstephan Ms 3, Peniarth Ms 20, Mostyn Ms 110 etc. Ni cheir yma odid ddim o'r hyn a ychwanegwyd gan benceirddiaid yr unfed ganrif ar bymtheg, ac a welir ym Mhum Llyfr Cerddwriaeth Simwnt Fychan (Jesus College Ms 9) ac yn y copi a gysylltir ag enw Wiliam Cynwal (Cardiff Ms 38)

t.t. 11b-35a

Ymdriniaeth â'r wyth ran ymadrodd. Y mae'r adran hon yn cytuno'n weddol, ond nid yn hollol a'r hyn a geir yn y gramadegau o amser Gutun Owain ymlaen. Ni cheir yma mo'r adran ar gystrawen.

t.t. 35a-47b

Dosbarth ar y pedwar mesur ar hugain. Y mae hwn eto yn debyg iawn i'r adran gyfatebol yng ngramadegau'r unfed ganrif ar bymtheg, hynny yw, dilynir dosbarth Gutun Owain. Ond y mae'n fyrrach na'r un a geir yn llyfrau Simwnt Fychan a Wiliam Cynwal etc.

t.t. 48a-49a

Y Cynganeddion. Y mae'r adran hon yn wahanol i'r un a geir gan Simwnt Fychan a Wiliam Cynwal. Nid oes yma ond disgrifiad byr o'r prif gynganeddion heb ymgais i fanylu, ac y mae'r testun yn llwyr. Ond gellir tybied mai copi ydyw o ymdriniaeth gynnar a'r pwnc. Mae copi yn yr Amgueddfa Brydeinig, Royal Ms 14a, XXIV a Peniarth Ms 169 yn cytuno bron yn hollol.

t.t. 49a-50a

Y ffordd y dylid moli pob peth. Ni cheir yma ond crynodeb byr o'r adran hon.

t. 50b

Dylai'r hyn sydd ar y tudalen hon fod wedi ei gynnwys yn yr adran ar y sillafau ar y dechrau.

t.t. 51a-52a

Y Campau a berthyn ar brydydd. Ceir yn y darn hwn ychwanegiad y gwelir yn Royal Ms 14a, XXIV

t.t. 52a-54b

Adran ar y beiau a'r ffigyrau. Y mae'r adran hon yn cytuno'n hollol â'r hyn sydd yn y gramadeg a gysylltir ag enw Wiliam Cynwal yn Cardiff Ms 38. Y mae copi Simwnt Fychan yn llawer llawnach.

t.t. 54b-86b

Ymdriniaeth arall â'r wyth ran ymadrodd wedi ei dynnu o gopi "Tomas Sions" a hwnnw wedi ei dynnu o lyfr Wiliam Llyn. Ceir yn Llanstephan Ms 45 gopi amherffaith o ramadeg y mynnir ei godi "o lyfr yr athro William llyn", ond nid yw hwnnw'n cytuno'n hollol a'r copi hwn, ac ni ellir tybied eu codi o'r un llawysgrif, oni newidwyd cryn dipyn wrth gopio. Weithiau y mae'r testun hwn yn lled wahanol i'r un sydd gan Simwnt Fychan a Wiliam Cynwal, gan gytuno â'r copi sydd yn nechrau'r ms hon. Y mae'n gorffen ar dud. 86b ar ddechrau'r ymdriniaeth â chystrawen.

This manuscript was written in the early seventeenth century. It is believed to have been owned by Edward Williams (Iolo Morgannwg), 1747-1826, as it contains notes in his hand. It is a copy of the grammar used by master-bards in the sixteenth century, but it does not quite conform with any other copy. It consists of two grammars with both having been copied by the same hand. It is presumed that the first grammar was transcribed from a copy by Tomas Sions and the second from a copy by William Llŷn.

p.p.1a-11a Regarding the letters, the syllables and dipthongs. This section conforms substantially with the copies linked with the names of Einion Offeiriad and Dafydd Ddu of Hiraddug, that is, the old grammar as found in the Red Book of Hergest, Llanstephan Ms 3 , Peniarth Ms 20, Mostyn Ms 110 etc. There is nothing here of what was added by sixteenth-century master-bards, found in Simwnt Fychan's Pum Llyfr Cerddwriaeth (Jesus College Ms 9) and in the copy associated with the name of Wiliam Cynwal (Cardiff Ms 38)

p.p. 11b-35a Regarding the eight parts of speech. This section conforms substantially, but not completely with the grammars from Gutun Owain's time onwards. There is no syntax section here.

p.p. 35a-47b Classificatiion of the twenty-four measures. This again is very similar to the corresponding section in the sixteenth-century grammars, that is, Gutun Owain's classification is followed. But it is shorter than that found in the books of Simwnt Fychan and Wiliam Cynwal etc.

p.p. 48a-49a The Cynganeddion. This section differs from that of Simwnt Fychan and Wiliam Cynwal. This is merely a brief description of the main cynganeddion with no attempt at detail, and the text is complete. But it may be assumed to be a copy of an early treatise on the subject. A copy in the British Museum, Royal Ms 14a, XXIV and Peniarth Ms 169 conform almost entirely.

p.p. 49a-50a The way in which all things should be praised. This is only a brief summary of this section.

p. 50b What is on this page should have been included in the syllables section at the beginning. p.p. 51a-52a The Accomplishments of a poet. This extract contains an addition found in Royal Ms 14a, XXIV

p.p. 52a-54b Section on the faults and figures. This section conforms completely with the grammar associated with Wiliam Cynwal's name in Cardiff Ms 38. Simwnt Fychan's copy is much more complete.

p.p. 54b-86b Another treatise on the eight parts of speech taken from a copy by "Tomas Sions" which was itself taken from the book of William Llŷn. In Llanstephan Ms 45 there is an imperfect copy of a grammar which is supposed to have been taken "from the book of the bardic teacher William llŷn", but that does not quite conform with this copy, and cannot be presumed to be from the same manuscript, unless much was changed in the copying. Sometimes this text is quite different from that of Simwnt Fychan and Wiliam Cynwal, conforming with the copy at the beginning of this ms. It ends on page. 86b at the beginning of the treatise on syntax.

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Another catalogue description can be found here https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb222-bmsswg