Notebooks: Handwritten poems and Jewel's Apology

Notebooks: Handwritten poems a Llyfr: Jewel's Apology yn Gymraeg.

Wales has one of the earliest literary traditions in stretching back to the days of Aneirin and Taliesin in the second half of the 6th century. Welsh poetry is connected directly to the bardic tradition, and is historically divided into four periods. The first period, before 1100, is known as the period of Y Cynfeirdd ("The earliest poets") or Yr Hengerdd ("The old poetry"). It roughly dates from the emergence of the Welsh language from Common Brittonic in the sixth century to the arrival of the Normans in Wales towards 1100. The second period, the period of the "Poets of the Princes" (Beirdd y Tywysogion, also called Y Gogynfeirdd) until 1350, or until 1282, the date of the overthrow of Llywelyn. The final classical period of Welsh poetry, referred to as the period of the Poets of the Nobility (Beirdd yr Uchelwyr) or simply Cywyddwyr, lasted to 1600. These included Dafydd ap Gwilym and Iolo Goch. The year 1600 is generally taken to mark the beginning of modern Welsh poetry. Serving as a bard was one of the few ways that one might better oneself socially. Bards could achieve status through a grading system, with the lowest being a minstrel to a chief poet.

The earliest poem in English by a Welsh poet dates from about 1470. More recently, Anglo-Welsh poetry has become an important aspect of Welsh literary culture, as well as influencing English literature.

Welsh poets often write under bardic names to conceal their identity in Eisteddfod competitions.

Since the later Middle Ages, the traditional Welsh poetic metres in strict verse consist of twenty four different metrical forms written in cynghanedd, something unique to Welsh language poetry.

An awdl is a form of long poem, similar to the ode. The most popular metrical forms are the Cywydd, of 14th-century origin, and the several versions of the Englyn, a concise and allusive verse form similar to the Greek epigram and the Japanese haiku and as old as Welsh literature itself.

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