Papers of Lieutenant Colonel Nawab Sir Malik K.H.Tiwana

Papers as Prime Minister of the Punjab, including political correspondence about the Punjab and its partition, 1946 7; Sikh migration to the East Punjab, 1947; Urdu material relating to the Unionist position on the Simla conference, c.1945; papers relating to the 1946 elections, Punjab Unionist Party manifesto, Tiwana's statement and pamphlets about the Party; papers as member of the Indian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, 1946, with material relating to his recall to India; the Second Dominions Economic Conference, Aug 1946; the victimisation of political opponents in the process of partition, 1947; the Muslim League and the war effort, 1946 7; and communal disturbances, 1946 7. Files (2) of press cuttings on the Gandhi-Jinnah compromise, Sep 1942 - Oct 1942, and Muslim League meetings, Dec 1943 - Jan 1944; monthly files of newspaper reports on Indian affairs, Jan 1947 - Jun 1947.

Correspondence with Sir Bertrand Glancy (1882-1953), formerly Governor of the Punjab, Dec 1946 - Mar 1952; general correspondence, 1946 9; papers about the Kalra Canal and the appropriation of canals and other property by the Pakistan government, 1949 52; papers about Tiwana family history, 1955 67; a history of the Punjab up to 1937, by Tiwana, probably with the assistance of Syed Nur Ahmad. (Part printed by C.Baxter, `The 1937 elections and the Sikander-Jinnah Pact' PANJAB PAST AND PRESENT 10 (1972).)

File of speeches by Sir Sikander Hayat Khan, as Prime Minister of the Punjab, 1937 41.

Papers relating to the Punjab Unionist Party: manifesto, rules and speeches relating to the party, in English and Urdu, 1936, together with related pamphlets, including Rao Bahudur Chaudhri Chhotu Ram INDEBTEDNESS IN THE PUNJAB (Lahore, 1936) and PUNJAB POLITICS BY 'A PUNJABEE' (Lahore, 1936); papers about the Sikander-Jinnah Pact of 1937.

Constitution and rules of the Punjab Provincial Muslim League, 1938; list of members of the council of the All-India Muslim League, 1938.

Lieutenant Colonel Nawab Sir Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana (1900 75) came from a family which had, since the fifteenth century, been prominent among the landed aristocracy of the Punjab. His father was Major General Sir Malik Umar Hayat Khan (1875-1944) who acted as honorary aide-de-camp to George V and George VI and served as a member of the Council of the Secretary of State for India, 1929 34. Tiwana was educated at Aitchison College, Lahore. At the age of sixteen he volunteered for war service and was commissioned to the Seventeenth Cavalry in 1918. As well as his brief World War I service, Tiwana served in the Afghan campaign which followed, earning a mention in despatches. Tiwana then assisted his father in the management of family estates in the Punjab, taking responsibility for them while his father was in London, 1929-34. He was elected to the Punjab Legislative Assembly in 1937 and immediately joined the cabinet of Sir Sikander Hayat Khan, who had successfully led the Punjab Unionist Party in the election, as Minister of Public Works. Tiwana remained in this post until 1942, succeeding Sir Sikander as Prime Minister of the Punjab from 1942 until 1947. He was a member of the Indian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1946. Tiwana resigned his premiership in March 1947. Although he remained at Simla until independence, he did not thereafter seek an active part in politics and left the country, returning to Pakistan in October 1949. Among his principal concerns was the preservation of the family estates at Kalra from the exigencies of land reform and government control. He was awarded an OBE in 1931 and made a KCSI in 1946. (I.Talbot KHIZR TIWANA, THE PUNJAB UNIONIST PARTY AND THE PARTITION OF INDIA (Richmond, 1996).)

Open for consultation

Compiled by Gwennyth Anderson

Lists