Most of the photographs in the collection are of celestial bodies including:
- Sun
- Moon
- Planets
- Minor planets
- Comets
- Meteors
- Double stars
- Nebulae
- Star clusters
- Star fields
There are also photographs of spectra, instruments, and the interior of the Royal Astronomical Society in Burlington House.
The photographs of celestial bodies were taken at various observatories including:
- Royal Observatory Greenwich
- Lick Observatory
- Mount Wilson Observatory
- Cape Observatory
- Yerkes Observatory
Astronomers who took the photographs include:
- E.E. Barnard
- George Ellery Hale
- Max Wolf
- John Evershed