Records of FRELIMO

Publications and Mozambique Information Agency bulletins relating to Frelimo, independence and the independence movement in Mozambique. The papers all post-date the Lisbon coup and concern: the negotiations with the Portuguese which culminated in the Lusaka agreement of September 1974; preparations for independence and the celebrations themselves; the formulation of the Frelimo programme at the 3rd Congress, held in Maputo, in February 1977.
Includes printed copy of the Lusaka Agreement, 1974-5; the Constitution of the People's Republic of Mozmbique; Samora Moises Machel's independence day speech (as president of Frelimo) to the 24th session of the Liberation Committee of the Organisation of African Unity, January 1975; pamphlets on Mozambique and its geography/toponymy; 'Unidade trabalho vigilância', 1974; 'Party committees', November 1974; full text (typescript) of the Tanzanian press release given by the Councillor at the Tanzanian embassy in Lourenco Marques, 'Why Tanzania is not attending the Kampala meetings of the Organisation of African Unity', April 1975; programme for the independence celebrations, June 1975; independence issue of Mozambique newspaper Noticias from 25 June 1975; bulletins relating to independence and the investiture, 1975-77.

The Centre for Southern African Studies at the University of York was founded early in 1972. A multi-disciplinary centre for southern African studies it drew on staff from its parent departments of Politics, History, Sociology and (initially) Economics. Its core activities centred on postgraduate teaching and research and its aim was to extend expert knowledge and understanding of Southern Africa. The first group of graduate students to take the interdisciplinary one year B. Phil in Southern African Studies started in October 1973 and a Board of Studies in Southern African Studies was established to oversee the course. The Director of the Centre was Professor Christopher R. Hill. The Centre soon expanded its provision to offer an MA in South African Studies and well as research degrees. It also hosted visiting scholars and research fellows. From 1973 it also held specialist conferences.
When it began, the Centre offered the only tailor-made UK course that dealt specifically with southern Africa. it was the only centre concerned with this part of Africa, which the Hayter Committee that had established Area Studies elsewhere had left out. The Southern African Studies Trust was formed in 1972 to raise funds for the Centre.
The Centre for South African Studies' documentation project was launched in October 1974 with the aid of an award from the Leverhulme Trust. Its aim was to gather extensive collections of manuscript and printed material relating to southern Africa. For the purposes of the project, Southern Africa was defined to include Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia), Angola, Mozambique, Lesotho, Eswatini (Swaziland), Namibia and the Republic of South Africa. The search for material was focused on material held and available in the British Isles. It reached arrangements with governments to receive various government publications and took in gifts and deposits of publications, ephemera and government publications, as well as personal archives. The printed and archival material was kept in and administered by the University Library until the archives were later transferred to the Borthwick Institute.
In 1983 the Centre became part of the University's Institute for Research in the Social Sciences (IRISS). The Centre was closed in 1995.

FRELIMO was formed in June 1962 in Dar es Salaam under the leadership of Dr Eduardo Mondlane. It was a coalition of three nationalist groups which had been formed by the migrant labourers and exiles in Malawi, Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) and Tanazania (formerly Tanganyika). It began as a nationalist movement fighting for the independence of the Portuguese Overseas Province of Mozambique. Provision for military confrontation was made at its first Congress but was not declared until 1964, when guerilla operations were begun in the northern provinces of Mozambique. A majority of the founding members opposed the move and left FRELIMO. An internal crisis in 1968-70 and the murder of Mondlane in February 1969 led to the emergence of a more radical leadership under Samora Machel. After the military coup in Portugal FRELIMO entered the provisional government in Mozambique in September 1974 and took over the country at independence in 1975. It transformed itself into a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party in February 1977 at the party's 3rd Congress. It subsequently identified as the Frelimo Party (Partido Frelimo). It abandoned its exclusive Marxist-Leninist orientation in July 1989.

Records are open to the public, subject to the overriding provisions of relevant legislation, including the Data Protection Act.

Transferred from the Centre for Southern African Studies to the Borthwick Institute, upon the closure of the Centre in 1995.

The Centre for Southern African Studies at the University of York was founded early in 1972. A multi-disciplinary centre for southern African studies it drew on staff from its parent departments of Politics, History, Sociology and (initially) Economics. Its core activities centred on postgraduate teaching and research and its aim was to extend expert knowledge and understanding of Southern Africa. The first group of graduate students to take the interdisciplinary one year B. Phil in Southern African Studies started in October 1973 and a Board of Studies in Southern African Studies was established to oversee the course. The Director of the Centre was Professor Christopher R. Hill. The Centre soon expanded its provision to offer an MA in South African Studies and well as research degrees. It also hosted visiting scholars and research fellows. From 1973 it also held specialist conferences.
When it began, the Centre offered the only tailor-made UK course that dealt specifically with southern Africa. it was the only centre concerned with this part of Africa, which the Hayter Committee that had established Area Studies elsewhere had left out. The Southern African Studies Trust was formed in 1972 to raise funds for the Centre.
The Centre for South African Studies' documentation project was launched in October 1974 with the aid of an award from the Leverhulme Trust. Its aim was to gather extensive collections of manuscript and printed material relating to southern Africa. For the purposes of the project, Southern Africa was defined to include Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia), Angola, Mozambique, Lesotho, Eswatini (Swaziland), Namibia and the Republic of South Africa. The search for material was focused on material held and available in the British Isles. It reached arrangements with governments to receive various government publications and took in gifts and deposits of publications, ephemera and government publications, as well as personal archives. The printed and archival material was kept in and administered by the University Library until the archives were later transferred to the Borthwick Institute.
In 1983 the Centre became part of the University's Institute for Research in the Social Sciences (IRISS). The Centre was closed in 1995.

FRELIMO was formed in June 1962 in Dar es Salaam under the leadership of Dr Eduardo Mondlane. It was a coalition of three nationalist groups which had been formed by the migrant labourers and exiles in Malawi, Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) and Tanazania (formerly Tanganyika). It began as a nationalist movement fighting for the independence of the Portuguese Overseas Province of Mozambique. Provision for military confrontation was made at its first Congress but was not declared until 1964, when guerilla operations were begun in the northern provinces of Mozambique. A majority of the founding members opposed the move and left FRELIMO. An internal crisis in 1968-70 and the murder of Mondlane in February 1969 led to the emergence of a more radical leadership under Samora Machel. After the military coup in Portugal FRELIMO entered the provisional government in Mozambique in September 1974 and took over the country at independence in 1975. It transformed itself into a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party in February 1977 at the party's 3rd Congress. It subsequently identified as the Frelimo Party (Partido Frelimo). It abandoned its exclusive Marxist-Leninist orientation in July 1989.

A reprographics service is available to researchers. Copying will not be undertaken if there is any risk of damage to the document. Copies are supplied in accordance with the Borthwick Institute for Archives' terms and conditions for the supply of copies, and under provisions of any relevant copyright legislation. Permission to reproduce images of documents in the custody of the Borthwick Institute must be sought.

Material collected as part of the CSAS Documentation Project.

Further accruals are not expected.

The papers of Andrew Faulds MP (GB 193 FAU) .

Published

GB 193