Post Mortem Examinations and Case Books

This material is held atSt George's Archives and Special Collections, University of London

Scope and Content

The post mortem records contain manuscript case notes, with medical notes both pre and post mortem. These include details on patients' admission to the hospital, treatments and medication administered to patients and the medical history of patients; the medical histories were copied into the volumes from hospital registers, which are no longer extant. The post mortem cases include detailed pathological findings made during the detailed examination of the body after death. From the 1880s onwards the case books contain original anatomical drawings and photographs.

The following information is recorded for each case. The information is transcribed from the case notes and/or the relevant index and, where relevant, additionally standardised using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)

• Name of the patient. If a name is not entered in the volume, it is noted in the catalogue as '[No name stated]'
• Gender of the patient (female / male / unknown)
• Age of the patient. Usually in numbers, following the original, with the following exceptions: 4/12 = 4 months, 4/52 = 4 weeks, 4/365 = 4 days. If no age is entered, it is noted in the catalogue as '[No age stated]'
• Occupation of the patient. Where no occupation is entered, it is noted in the catalogue as '[No occupation stated]'. Children are often designated according to their father's or mother's occupation and women by their husband's occupation (e.g. 'F / Horsekeeper', 'M. Charwoman', 'Hd Grocer'); these have been rendered in the catalogue as '[Child of] Horsekeeper', '[Wife of] Grocer'
• Date of admission and date of death
• The names of the doctors treating or examining the patient. 'Admitted under the care of' denotes the senior doctor in charge of the case (usually entered at the top of the page and in the index); 'Post mortem performed by' denotes the doctor responsible for the post mortem examination (usually signed at the bottom of the page) and 'Medical examination performed by' denotes the doctor responsible for the medical examination prior to death (usually signed at the bottom of the page). The earliest records usually contain only one name, and some of the later ones may contain multiple names in each category. An authority record (name access point) with basic biographical details has been created for each doctor mentioned in the records; these can be used to explore all the cases related to a particular individual
• Disease(s) or cause of death of the patient. Transcribed from the medical case and/or the index and standardised, e.g. 'Disease (transcribed): Phthisis. Fractured base. Disease (standardised): Tuberculosis (lungs). Fracture (skull)'
• Medical and post mortem notes. Brief summary description or transcription of the case notes relating to previous medical history (not a full transcription of the case notes)
• Note on whether the case includes illustrations or photographs; these can also be browsed via genre access points
• Note on whether the death was caused by trauma, accident or suicide
• Subject access points, using standardised terms from MeSH [Medical Subject Headings], with disease type (e.g. respiratory tract diseases, cardiovascular diseases) and anatomy type (e.g. cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system), which can be used for browsing all relevant cases

Administrative / Biographical History

The Post Mortem Examinations and Case Books were created jointly by St George's Hospital and the Medical School.

Post mortems were routinely conducted on patients who died at the hospital. The examinations were conducted by the curator and the assistant curator of the museum, who were also responsible for the Pathological Museum; they were appointed annually by the Hospital Board from among the senior pupils of the Medical School on the recommendation of the Medical School Committee. Prescott Hewett was the first curator, appointed c.1840, and he introduced the practice of keeping post mortem books. The curators were further assisted by students appointed as post mortem assistants on rotating one-month terms. Registrars were responsible for filling in the post mortem cases each month, under the supervision of senior doctors.

The post mortems formed an integral part of the teaching of surgery and anatomy for the students of the medical school, and were routinely observed by the students, and some cases contain notes indicating the body was taken to the Medical School for dissection and teaching of anatomy. The Medical School Committee minutes from the 19th century onwards frequently refer to the post mortem records, in particular where omissions or mistakes in the keeping of the records were noticed.

Arrangement

The post mortem records are held in bound volumes, usually covering a single year, with deaths recorded from January 1 of each year; the covering dates usually extend to the previous year as some patients were admitted to the hospital before the end of the year. Cases are numbered each year from 1.

The majority of the volumes cover a single year, with some exceptions; these exceptions, as well as any possible anomalies, are indicated in the relevant volume-level descriptions. The first volume (PM/1841-1842) covers dates from Dec 1840 to May 1842, and the following volume (PM/1842 and PM/1843) covers dates from Jun 1842 to Dec 1843; although a single volume, it has been catalogued in two parts to reflect the numbering system within the volume. Volumes PM/1942-1943 and PM/1944-1945 likewise cover two years each. In PM/1887, cases 451-468 from the following year, 1888, have been added at the back of the volume; these cases, though physically in the PM/1887 volume, have been catalogued in PM/1888 to reflect the numbering system within the volume. Similarly, in PM/1898 cases 453-465 from the following year, 1899, have been added at the back of the volume and numbered 406-420; these have been catalogued in PM/1899. In PM/1900, cases 413-422 date from 1901, and have been catalogued in PM/1901.
Each volume contains an index to the cases, usually at the beginning of the volume; these indices have been digitised and are included in the catalogue, but they have not been transcribed. The index does not always tally with the numbering system of the cases. Any anomalies in the index, as well as in the general numbering system (e.g. missing case numbers) have been noted in the volume-level descriptions.

The collection is arranged by the volumes and the reference number reflects the year of the record (PM/1841-1842, PM/1842, PM/1843, PM/1844 etc.). Within these volumes, each case is described on the item level. The cases are numbered following the original numbering in the volumes; if the original numbering is missing a case, the number has nevertheless been included in the system and marked as '[Not entered]'. Duplicate numbers have been included and separated by alphabetical characters (e.g. '37a', '37b').

Access Information

The collection as a whole runs from 1841 to 1946. Due to the sensitivity of the material, however, only volumes up to 1920 will be catalogued in the first instance. The records for 1921-1946 will initially be catalogued as skeleton records, with the names and digital images retracted

Conditions Governing Use

The images are provided under a Creative Commons CC-BY License

Related Material

Archives and Special Collections, St George's, University of London. St George's Hospital Medical School Committee Minutes and Papers, 1862-1945. SGHMS/1/1/1
Archives and Special Collections, St George's, University of London. St George's Hospital and Medical School Student records, 1752-2017
Archives and Special Collections, St George's, University of London. St George's Hospital and Medical School Annual Reports, 1866-1879. SGHMS/6/1
Archives and Special Collections, St George's, University of London. St George's Hospital and Medical School Gazettes, 1892-1996. SGHMS/6/2
Archives and Special Collections, St George's, University of London. St George's Hospital Medical School Prospectuses. SGHMS/6/4

London Metropolitan Archives. Saint George's Hospital, 1733-1998. H68/SG. Including:
London Metropolitan Archives. Saint George's Hospital, Patients' records: Post mortem and case books, 1827-1840. H68/SG/B/07
London Metropolitan Archives. Saint George's Hospital, Patients' records: Case books, 1916-1917. H68/SG/B/09
London Metropolitan Archives. Saint George's Hospital, Administration: Board of Governors minutes, 1733-1948. H68/SG/A/01

Royal College of Physicians of London. Drewitt, Frederick George Dawtrey (1848-1942). Pathological drawings of cases admitted to St. George's Hospital, 1876-1878 and n.d. MS697/88-101
Royal College of Physicians of London. Correspondence, death certificates etc. re obtaining bodies for the teaching of anatomy, 1875-1881. MS2003/35/77-99
Royal College of Surgeons, London. Lectures and case books of Timothy Holmes, 1850-1854. MS0384

Royal College of Surgeons, London. Archives of St George's Hospital Medical School, 1700-1933. MS0470