Poland in 1920
Since the late 18th century Poland had been divided between Russia, Austria-Hungary and Germany. The nationalist leader Jozef Pilsidski (1867 - 1935), saw Russia as the main enemy and began building a private army to gain independence from Russia. As a result of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty and the Versailles Treaty Poland became an independent country after World War I. Josef Pilsudski became the new leader of Poland and during the Russian Civil War his army made considerable gains and the Soviet-Polish Treaty of Riga (1921) left Poland in control of substantial areas of Lithuania, Belorussia and the Ukraine.