Lectures of Daniel Dougal

Copies of the various editions of Daniel Dougal's lectures on obstetrics and gynaecology delivered by him at the University of Manchester. The volumes were produced by Dougal for use by students as is evident by the various marks of ownership made by a number of Manchester students in these volumes. Dougal revised the notes at regular intervals to keep the content up to date and in line with developments in practice. Unfortunately there are no copies of the second edition of his lectures extant within this collection and the fourth edition is incomplete. However, it is possible to see the evolution of Dougal's lectures over a period of approximately 18 years with certain elements in the first edition having been removed by the time of the sixth edition and equally a great number of items added. Most notably in the sixth edition much more attention is given to the medico-legal aspects of medical practice and more specifically the practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. Several of the students who made use of these particular volumes have also added their own notes and in some cases drawn illustrations.

Daniel Dougal was born in Strathaven, Lanarkshire on 4 December 1884, the son of physician James Dougal. After a brief time studying at the Glasgow High School Dougal transferred to the Manchester Grammar School after his father set up private practice in Blackburn, Lancashire. He then went on to study at the University of Manchester taking the degree of M.B., Ch.B. in 1906 and the MD with gold medal in 1913 following the submission of a thesis on internal pelvimetry. In the period between qualifying and gaining his MD he acted as demonstrator in anatomy and held house roles at the Manchester Royal Infirmary, the Northern Hospital for Women and Children, and St Mary's Hospital, Manchester. His first appointment after being awarded the MD in 1913 was as resident obstetric officer to St Mary's Hospitals and in 1914 became honorary assistant surgeon to the Manchester Northern Hospital and pathologist to St Mary's Hospital.

As a student Dougal had served in the Officers' Training Corps and a held a commission with the Territorial Army. Consequently on the outbreak of WWI in 1914 he was immediately mobilised and went to France with the 52nd Field Ambulance. He remained with them until 1917 when he became a staff officer and was appointed Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services with the 34th Division. During the course of the war he was awarded both the Military Cross and the Croix de Guerre and was twice mentioned in dispatches.

He returned to his work in Manchester in 1919 when he joined the honorary staff of St Mary's Hospital and began teaching at the University. Over the coming years he held various roles at St Mary's and the Manchester Northern Hospital in addition to carrying out the gynaecological work at Manchester Royal Infirmary and the Christie Hospital. At St Mary's Dougal worked hard to see the completion of the Pathological Department, which he argued was an essential part of the hospital and clinical work.

Dougal was also committed to his teaching work leading to his appointment to the chair of obstetrics and gynaecology on a part-time basis following the death of William Fothergill (1865-1926). Dougal's commitment to teaching was clear from the great efforts he made to produce full sets of lecture notes for use by his students, which served as a text book to the course and were regularly revised and updated. It was his intention to publish a form of his notes as a text book, but unfortunately he never had time to see this project to fruition. His teaching expanded beyond the confines of Manchester as he served as examiner to the universities of Cambridge, Liverpool, Sheffield, and Wales as well as to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. For many years he was also a teacher and examiner of midwives and served as the presiding examiner in Manchester for the Central Midwives Board.

In addition to clinical and teaching duties Dougal found time to play an active role in professional societies. He was a foundation fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and was their vice-president for a time. Additionally he was a member and president of both the Manchester Pathological Society and the Manchester Medical Society as well as a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and honorary fellow of both the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society and the American Association of Obstetricians, Gynaecologists, and Abdominal Surgeons.

During his career Dougal published a great number of papers, many of them in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, for which he served as a director and member of the editorial committee and later in life was their chairman. Many of his published works record the results of a great amount of clinical and pathological work carried out in both the wards and the laboratory.

Dougal died in the Manchester Royal Infirmary on 4 June 1948 at the age of 63.

• DDL/1 - First Edition
• DDL/2 - Third Edition
• DDL/3 - Fourth Edition
• DDL/4 - Fifth Edition
• DDL/5 - Sixth Edition

The collection is open to any accredited reader.

Photocopies and photographic copies of material in the archive can be supplied for private study purposes only, depending on the condition of the documents.

A number of items within the archive remain within copyright under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; it is the responsibility of users to obtain the copyright holder's permission for reproduction of copyright material for purposes other than research or private study.

Prior written permission must be obtained from the Library for publication or reproduction of any material within the archive. Please contact the Head of Special Collections, John Rylands Library, 150 Deansgate, Manchester, M3 3EH.

Daniel Dougal's First World War Diaries (DDD) are also held at the University of Manchester Library and give an account of his service as an army doctor on the Western Front. Biographical information (MMC/2/Dougal ) and copies of some of his many publications (MMC/1/Dougal ) are also available at the UoM Library located within the Manchester Medical Collection (MMC .

The UoM Library also holds the papers of John Webster Bride (JWB) who at times lectured alongside Daniel Dougal and was the former owner of items DDL/2/4-6 in this collection.

Also of interest in terms of the history of the teaching of obstetrics and gynaecology and midwifery are the numerous manuscripts of lecture notes ranging from the mid-18th to the early 20th century extant within the Manchester Medical Manuscripts Collection (MMM), also held at UoM Library.

There is also material of interest held at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists including correspondence files with information relating to Dougal's appointment as editor of the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology as part of the professional papers of William Blair-Bell (GB 1538 S10/6 ) and another copy of the fifth edition of Dougal's lectures (GB 1538 RCMS/208 ).

Dougal published a number of papers during his career, which include:

D. Dougal, 'Medical and Surgical Appliances: Anaesthetist's Screen' BMJ 1912, 2(2707), p.1395.

D. Dougal, 'Some Observations on Pelvimetry' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1913, 24(5), pp.263-270.

D. Dougal, 'Technical Memoranda: A Combined Anaesthetists' Screen and Instrument Shelf for Use in Abdominal Gynaecological Operations' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1913, 24(5), pp.278-9.

D. Dougal & T. Milnes Bride, 'A Case of Cyclopia', BMJ 1914, 2(2792), p.13.

D. Dougal, 'A Fatal Case of Puerperal Infection with the Bacillus Aerogenes Capsulatus' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1914, 25(1), pp.35-8.

D. Dougal, 'Ectopic Pregnancy occurring twice in the same Patient' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1914, 25(3), pp.154-8.

W.E. Fothergill & D. Dougal, 'Aneurism of the Internal Iliac Artery' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1914, 26(1), pp.32-5.

D. Dougal, 'Description of a Specimen of Allantoidoangiopagous Twins' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1914, 26(1), pp.42-4.

D. Dougal & J.W. Bride, 'Etiological Factors in Abortion: A Study of 100 Cases' BMJ 1920, 1(3097), pp.632-4.

D. Dougal, 'Caesarean Section for Labour Obstructed Adhesions between the Anterior Uterine and Abdominal Walls' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1921, 28(3-4), p.561.

D. Dougal, 'Caesarean Section for Labour Obstructed by Non-Gravid Horn of a Double Uterus' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1921, 28(3-4), pp.561-2.

D. Dougal, Hydrometra Associated with Absence of the Vagina and Genital Tuberculosis' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1922, 29(4), pp.634-6.

D. Dougal, 'Primary Carcinoma of the Vagina Treated by Hystero-Vaginectomy' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1923, 30(1), pp.38-9.

D. Dougal, 'Adenomyoma involving Vermiform Appendix' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1923, 30(2), pp.224-5.

D. Dougal, 'Urinary Incontinence in Women with special reference to the Operative Treatment in Young Nulliparae' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1924, 31(1), pp.46-53.

D. Dougal, 'A Cervical Dilator for use during Caesarean Section' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1924, 31(2), pp.280-1.

D. Dougal, 'Primary Chorioepithelioma of the Ovary' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1924, 31(3), pp.387-397.

D. Dougal, 'Chronic Backache in Gynaecology' The Lancet 1924, 204(5285), pp.1220-2.

D. Dougal, 'Endometrioma of the Ovary and Cornual Adenomyoma after Bilateral Salpingectomy' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1926, 33(3), pp.439-443.

D. Dougal, 'A Ring Tetra for Use in Abdominal Operations' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1926, 33(3), pp.444-5.

D. Dougal, 'The Clinical Features of Ectopic Pregnancy' BMJ 1927, 2(3492), pp.1074-7.

D. Dougal, 'Obstructive Inflammatory Lesions of the Uterus', British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1931, 38(1), pp.46-54.

D. Dougal, 'Remarks on Endometriosis and Endometriomata' BMJ 1931, 2(3698), pp.929-932.

D. Dougal, 'The Teaching of Practical Obstetrics' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1933, 40(1), pp.99-102.

D. Dougal, 'Ovarian Conditions as Causes of Pelvic Pain', BMJ 1934, 2(3848), pp.621-3.

W. Fletcher Shaw & D. Dougal, 'Results of Radium Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri' BMJ 1936, 1(3928), pp.786-8.

D. Dougal, 'The Aetiology of Thrombosis and Embolism' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1938, 45(3), pp.425-450.

D. Dougal, 'A Granulosa Cell Tumour of Tubular or Adenomatous Type' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1945, 52(4), pp.370-1.

D. Dougal, 'Improved Design for a Combined Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology' British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1946, 53(1), pp.70-1.

D. Dougal, 'A Case of Carcinoma of the Body of the Uterus and Fibroid Treated with Radium and subsequently by Hysterectomy' Obstetrical and Gynaecological Survey 1949, 4(2), p.268.